Chimney
Chimney in architecture are shafts, within or next to buildings, intended to carry flue gases from fireplaces (including ovens and appliances) into the open air above the roof. Each of the following must be connected to its chimney: each fireplace with a nominal heat output of more than 20 kW (for gas fires and appliances, more than 30 kW); each fireplace in buildings of more than five full storeys; each open fireplace; each fireplace with a burner and blow
Beam
In Building Construction, a beam is a horizontal structural element that generally resists the load applied laterally to the beam by columns, walls and building elements. The beam runs horizontally along the main wall of the building at ceiling height and supports the structure.
Backfilling
Backfilling is the process of refilling or putting the soil back into a trench or hole created during excavation, especially around the foundations.
Bulkhead Wall
A bulkhead is a retaining wall, such as a bulkhead within a ship or a watershed retaining wall. It may also be used in mines to contain flooding. Coastal bulkheads are most often referred to as seawalls, bulkheads, or riprap revetments.
Board and Batten
Board and batten is a siding and paneling style that uses narrow strips of wood placed over the joints of wide boards for a geometric, layered effect. Historically, a wooden batten would be placed over a seam between the wide boards, creating a stronger and more energy-efficient siding.
Bracing
Bracing is a structural reinforcement that is also a secondary but necessary component of the bridge structure. A bracing system serves to stabilize the main girders during construction. One form of bracing is cross bracing, which features two members organized in an X-shape so that one deals with tension and the other with compression
Aggregate
Aggregate is the term given to the material (sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, etc.) frequently used in construction for reinforcement and stabilizing the structure. Aggregates are widely used for columns, beams, foundations, and roads.
Admixture
An admixture is defined as “a material other than water, aggregates, cementitious materials, and fibre reinforcement, used as an ingredient of a cementitious mixture to modify its freshly mixed, setting, or hardened properties and that is added to the batch before or during its mixing”.
Organic or inorganic materials are added in small quantities to modify the properties of the concrete, which is in a fresh or hardened state.
Adhesives
Adhesive, also known as glue, cement, mucilage, or paste (terms that are often used interchangeably for any organic material that forms an adhesive bond), is any non-metallic substance applied to one or both surfaces of two separate items that binds them together and resists their separation.
